Ural-4320 is a high-traffic vehicle equipped with all-wheel drive and powerful tires. Its production is carried out at the automobile plant in Miass. The truck is used to transport people, cargo and trailers. Specifications allow it to overcome water obstacles up to 1.6 meters in depth, moats up to 2 meters in depth and rises up to 60%.
Truck Creation
The main machine was the 375th model. It was made for a long time, many changes were made to its design, which made the Ural-375 reliable. Its main drawback was the gasoline power plant, which consumed a lot of fuel.
In the 1960s, the idea of replacing a gasoline engine with a diesel engine was born. The Ural engineers independently developed such an engine, but it did not enter mass production due to a cash deficit in the enterprise. Soon after, the country's leadership approved the Yaroslavl Motor Plant as the center for the development of a diesel power unit. In 1969, experts from Yaroslavl offered a new engine and gearbox for it.
Tester of the new equipment was the Ural-375D. In 1970, there were many tests that showed the quality of the new product. Several serious problems were found that were eliminated by 1972, after which the tests were continued. New engine and gearbox installed on the prototype truck E4320.
While in Yaroslavl there was a development of a new power plant, in Miass, the designers modified the design of the Ural-375D. In 1973, all the documentation needed for production was ready. The first prototypes went off the conveyor until the end of the same year. All three cars have been tested with new equipment. Several minor modifications were made to the structure of the machine and the engine. After that, all documentation was prepared for the start of production of Ural-4320.
Production
In the 74th year, several more copies were built, which went to pass tests of varying complexity. After successfully passed the tests, it was decided to start a mass release. Serial production started in 1975.
The creators had the task to make a reliable truck with a high cross, because it was planned to adapt it to military needs. During assembly, high-quality materials were used, which ensured high structural strength. For off-road passability, the wheel formula is 6x6.
In 1978, the Kama Automobile Plant offered the market a new diesel power unit. Ural experts have released a small batch with new engines. Over the next few years, this equipment became a priority for Miass. In 1993, there was a strong fire at the KamAZ plant, it was necessary to limit the production of equipment. Yaroslavl equipment returned to the Ural machines.
Device
Cab and body
The body of the car Ural-4320 is a standard platform with sides, the rear one opens. For the transportation of passengers, it is equipped with folding benches. You can also install an awning: the set has a special canvas and frame. The platform can withstand cargo up to 6.855 tons, and the maximum towing weight - 11.5 tons.
Cab Ural-4320 is made of stamped metal leaves. The windshield provides full visibility to the driver. To assess the traffic situation, wide rear-view mirrors are installed. To enter the salon there are two doors. Cabin capacity - 3 people. The driver's seat has a convenient position adjustment system. Some versions of transport are equipped with a bed.
In 2009, the cabin production technology was changed. It was performed in accordance with modern standards, fiberglass was used for the production. The internal arrangement was also changed - it became more convenient.
Specifications
The design of the chassis Ural-4320 turned out simple. This was done for the possibility of repair in field conditions by military rebrigada. Different configurations were equipped with engines of different power (230-250 horsepower). By special order, a 300-hp engine was installed with a 5-speed gearbox.
To improve the controllability of the structure was introduced GUR. To start the tractor in frost conditions, a preheater was used, whose operation met the requirements of Euro-3. The fuel tank holds 300 liters, some trucks have an extra capacity of 60 liters. Fuel consumption is 42 liters per 100 km at a speed of 60 km / h.
Transmission
The ability to move off-road was provided by the all-wheel drive and single-pitch wheels with an automatic system to maintain optimum tire pressure. Dependent front suspension mounted on semi-elliptical springs. The rear suspension has a similar design.
All bridges Ural-4320 (3 pieces) leading. Front steering wheels are equipped with CV joints. The single-plate clutch has a friction drive and is supplemented with a pneumatic booster.
The Ural-4320 transfer box is mechanical, has 2 stages. Its front-wheel drive is always activated. The synchronized gearbox has 5 speeds and a lockable center differential. Without synchronization, here we have 10 forward speeds and 2 rear speeds.
The center differential lock razdatki Ural-4320 plays an important role. In a 1: 2 ratio, it distributes torque between the front and rear axles.
The gearbox is controlled mechanically. Cardan gear includes four shaft. Drive axles Ural-4320 have a double main gear, which consists of conical and cylindrical gears.
Brakes Ural-4320
The brake system consists of two mechanisms: a dual-circuit primary and a single-circuit spare. In addition, an additional braking function from the exhaust system, which operates on the basis of a pneumatic drive, is also highlighted. Mechanical brakes Ural-4320 have drums on razdatke. The parking brake is a drum mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case.
Engine Ural-4320
During the production of cars used several power units. The main ones were two, the rest were their small modifications.
KamAZ-740 is a compact power unit, in which the rotational speed of the crankshaft is higher than that of the Yaroslavl engines. This engine has always shown excellent results when running on a hard frost after being idle for several days. Its power made it possible to use a powerful battery and a starter. It has a high pressure fuel pump drive.
YMZ-238 is a Yaroslavl product, which is similar in characteristics to the Kama one, but instead of a preheater, it has an electric torch mechanism. A feature of the power unit is the completion of the work - before killing the motor, you must let it idle for 2-3 minutes.
Each power plant meets the standards "Euro-3". As mentioned above, at an average speed (60 km / h) diesel consumption is 42 liters. If the speed drops to 40 km / h, the flow is reduced to 36 liters. When moving on the ground consumption will increase to 50-55 liters. When overcoming off-road consumption depends on numerous factors of movement. Car Ural-4320 can reach 85 km / h, and a full tank is enough to overcome the path of 1,000 km.
Standard Modifications
On the basis of the standard version of the Ural-4320 chassis, many others were released. Each of them has its own unique features:
- 4320-01 - improved cab design, changed platform properties, installed new gearbox. Equipped with Kama power plant;
- 4320-10 - economical version with a six-cylinder engine, developing 180 horsepower;
- 4320-31 - an improved power unit for 8 cylinders with a capacity of 240 horsepower is installed. The strength and reliability of the whole structure has been improved;
- 4320-30 - the weight of the maximum load is increased, the wheelbase is expanded;
- 4320-41 - the YMZ-236NE2 engine is installed for 230 forces Its main disadvantage was the lowering of environmental standards to Euro-2;
- 4320-40 - similar to the previous version, the base was extended;
- 4320-44 - the interior has been changed, the driver has become more comfortable working;
- 4320-45 - extended base of the 44th modification;
- 4320-48 - limited version with the power unit YMZ-7601. This Ural-4320 chassis was used for equipping with special-purpose equipment.
New versions received design and technical changes. Global updates were marked by a change of engine. An important indicator is that the Ural manufacturer cares not only about the patency and reliability of the Ural-4320 tractor unit, but also about the comfort of the driver.
Military modifications
The line of the 4320th version includes not only the standard versions, but also the military ones:
- 4320-09-31 - made on the basis of the model 4320-31. The cabin is made of solid steel armored sheets. Bullet-proof glass, there are special places for return fire, the doors are made according to safe technology. The cabin began to accommodate only two people, they have separate seats. On the vacant space was placed attachment for special military equipment. All other elements (radiator, fuel tanks, etc.) are protected by armored plates;
- 4320-0010-31 - an improved version of 4320-09-31. Has mine protection;
- Ural-BB - developed by special order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The cabin accommodates one person, installed a modernized Yaroslavl power unit that meets the requirements of the Euro-4 standard. The body is fully protected by armor, you can simultaneously carry up to 17 fighters.
Military armored vehicles are used in combat missions where the use of military force may be required.
Conclusion
Ural-4320 is a reliable transport that can overcome serious obstacles. Its simplicity of construction allows for repair work in the field. New auto parts are cheaper than components for foreign cars.
The minimum price tag of the model is 1.7 million rubles. For so much, you can buy a car Ural-4320 with a cabin of the past generation and a 230-horsepower engine. If you want to buy vehicles with a new cabin, you will have to pay 10 thousand rubles. For a copy with an awning and a winch, you will have to pay 90 thousand rubles more. For 1.88 million rubles, you can purchase a model with a long base and increased load capacity.
