KAMAZ-4310 - freight transport, able to pass off-road. For many years, the product was the main one for the Kama Automobile Plant. The first batch, released in 1981, was provided for army needs.
general information
The standard version of a car is equipped with the leading bridges working by a new principle. Four driveshafts supplemented with all-wheel drive. The all-metal platform, rear and side boards opened by tilting. The floor is made of wood, the body can be closed with an awning that is installed on the frame.
The main function of the machine is the transportation of passengers and cargo of various categories to areas of any distance. Technical units are able to work in harsh climatic conditions, four-wheel drive makes it possible to move on dirt roads and off-road.
The greatest demand was for the 106, 105 and 101 versions of the truck. The 101st model changed the base modification in 1989. KamAZ-4310 onboard 105th modification is used to perform civilian tasks. The 106th model is an improved 105th, received external and technical improvements.
History of creation
Technical characteristics of the all-terrain vehicle were a real breakthrough in the 80s of the last century. 4310 overcomes obstacles of various heights, passes through water barriers (up to 1.5 m depth) and copes with sharp descents and ascents. Serial release started in January 1981.
The development of the truck involved specialists automobile plant "ZIL". The management set the task of creating innovative transport in 1967. Until 1968, technical issues were resolved, after which 10 years were allocated for the assembly of the finished version.
During this period, 12 cars were assembled in Moscow, each of which was a refinement of the previous instance. Over the course of numerous tests, the equipment has covered more than one and a half kilometers of varying difficulty. For 10 years, developed more than 50 solutions that have never been applied anywhere else.
The history of development
The standard model went off the assembly line for 8 years. During this period, engineers made several minor changes to the device. To open the cab made a hydraulic system, the cab of some options equipped with a bed.
In 1989, the 101st version changed the original one. It was used for military and business needs. Car KAMAZ-4310 has folding benches on which you can accommodate up to 30 people. The machine can pull the trailer "2PN-4M2". The winch is in any modification, some are equipped with an extra bed.
The 106th version went to the conveyor in the 89th year. Compared to the 105th, experts have reduced the mass and increased the load capacity by 1 ton to 7 tons. It remains possible to transport the trailer - "GKB-8350" or its variations with a folding awning. 105th version does not have global differences from the original car. Its design is simplified, and the weight is reduced.
An interesting point - some instances of one ruler differed from each other more than from instances of other families.
The difficult period of the collapse of the Soviet Union did not affect the productivity of the enterprise. Production rates fell during the global financial crisis. Nowadays, it is possible to purchase 4310 old years of release in excellent condition, since many parties were shipped to the army and there they became conservation, and not waiting for their high point.
KAMAZ-4310 device
The drive system, on which the entire technical part is based, allows you to move in conditions of low relief maneuverability. The car was used most often to transport people and goods to remote areas. High demand is justified by a simple design and the ability to move on the road.
Transport has good maneuverability. This is facilitated by leaning bridges and drive mechanism. Addition was the unique autonomous tire pressure monitoring system, which automatically regulated it depending on the road surface. Maneuvers of varying difficulty can be made at a speed of 40-60 km / h.
Transfer case KAMAZ-4310
The razdatka consists of two stages, equipped with an axial differential mechanism, made on an asymmetrical type. Transport speeds are easily switched by an electropneumatic drive. The drive is also responsible for blocking the differential mechanism.
The transfer box was placed in a frame case on rubber gaskets. The work of the rigid frame is softened by four rubber pads. This approach has increased the life of the adjustment system. Simple, but reliable design, coupled with good assembly, provide a long period of work mechanical parts of the truck.
The design of the transfer case KAMAZ-4310 is represented by three shafts. The design of the primary shaft provides the driving gear element. It is placed on bearings in the inner part of the crankcase. Regular traction has a uniform effect on all technical units. This is possible thanks to an unlocking differential action.
Bridges
Bridge connections are constantly provided with uninterrupted torque. Differential axle type is responsible for the operation of torque. The crankcases on the bridges are made of beams, which at the factory went through a stamping procedure. A number of other elements are attached to the beams: crankcase hatches, brake flanges and spring supports.
The front axle KAMAZ-4310 is equipped with hinged elements. They are used to operate a truck at different speeds, made according to the angular type. Bridge support weight - 0.64 tons. The front axle layout includes many details. Detailed structure can be found in the technical documentation of the machine.
Engine KAMAZ-4310
Different versions of the all-terrain vehicle can be equipped with one of two engines:
- 740.10 - diesel power unit with eight cylinders and a volume of 10.85 liters. Achieve 210 horsepower at 2600 rpm. The cylinder block is made of cast iron, and the heads are made of aluminum;
- 740.20 - a similar diesel power unit, only develops 220 horsepower. Coupling - the frictional mechanism consisting of two disks.
Cabin
The KamAZ-4310 cab meets the comfortable requirements of the 1980s-1990s. Under it is the engine, it is equipped with a ventilation system. On the lever-steering principle, a mechanism for controlling the operation of the car is implemented. The cab is tilted by means of a hydraulic mechanism. It has two main types for all 4310 variants. The main difference is the availability of a bed for the rest of the driver.
Fuel reserve
Basic equipment includes two tanks of 125 liters. Cars made on special order can be equipped with two tanks with a capacity of 250 liters. Even this option does not allow to make long trips without refueling. The device allows the use of oil of medium price category, which reduces the cost of maintaining the transport.
Brakes
The brake system is represented by numerous mechanisms and components. A detailed description of each item is in the technical scheme of the truck. In short, the brakes have a typical look at that time with improved stopping power.
Winch
The winch is represented by a drum structure, which is based on a worm gear unit. For the action of the stopping power, a special tape is used. Cord length - 83 meters, with its help you can pull loads weighing up to 15,000 kg. Powered by power take-off unit.
Varieties 4310
On the basis of this car has developed many modifications. KamAZ-4310 timber carrier is a popular and popular variation, but there are also many others.
Typhoon-1
In the 1990s, they developed the military modification "Typhoon-1", which in the future was used to create trucks that perform combat missions of varying complexity. Body - armored booth for the transport of soldiers. The frontal part of the cabin is protected from enemy impacts by massive armored plates. The technical characteristics of Typhoon-1 left all military vehicles of that time as an outsider.
Typhoon-1 is not the basis of the Typhoon machine, which was developed in 2011 by special order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Combat cars created designers Urals and KamAZ.
S4310
In the years of development of 4310 created a sports team "KAMAZ-master", which today serves in rally racing. The first sports car was created on the basis of the standard KAMAZ-4310.
The power unit received a turbocharger and a new diesel supply system, which made it possible to increase power to 290 horsepower. The profile of the pistons received updates, the torsional vibrations acquired a damper, the lubrication mechanism became better, the new viscous coupling and a more powerful fan were responsible for the cooling.
In hodovka added hard springs and upgraded shock absorbers. The middle bridge received release springs, which improved the balancing of the machine - when landing after the jump, the bridges did not hit the ground. By racing standards, a safety cage was added to the design.
In 1991, the power plant was replaced by KamAZ-7482, which had a power of 430 horsepower. C4310 was used in rally racing until 1995, until 2000 it was used as a vehicle of technical support.
Other modifications KAMAZ-4310
KamAZ-4310 timber truck is not the only variation of transport. There are others:
- 43101 - lifting capacity increased to 6,000 kilograms, motor power up to 220 horsepower;
- 431010 - a sports version that participated in the 1992 Dakar Rally;
- 43105 - civilian model. The complete set is deprived of a winch and a tire pressure monitoring system;
- 43106 - got the engine 740.20 for 220 horsepower;
- 43114 - a military copy, the engine of which is complemented by a turbocharger. Power increased to 260 horsepower;
- 43115 - economic variety, which received an improvement of some technical units;
- 43118 - received a body with an extended base;
- 4410 - truck tractor, transporting semi-trailers weighing up to 15 thousand kg.
Some versions were limited to prototypes, they did not reach the mass production.
What can be concluded?
KamAZ-4310 timber truck and other models are distinguished by cheap maintenance. Details of transport are made of durable steel of the best types. A large supply of working resource allows you to pass several hundred thousand kilometers without major repairs, subject to regular technical checks. Operation of the KAMAZ-4310 has brought great benefits to our country.
The all-terrain vehicle turned out to be one of the best products of the Russian engineering industry. When production was just launched, it overtook all domestic and foreign competitors in terms of technical characteristics. The versatility is due to high power, high payload and excellent maneuverability.
