After the end of the war, the Soviet Union began to return to the usual life. The leadership of the country was tasked with developing engineering, as the ruins that had appeared on the places of the cities needed to be eliminated and new buildings erected. For this, the Union urgently needed a truck: hence the great impetus to development.
The history of the ZIL-164
History ZIL-164 began in 1957. Then, on the basis of the popular ZIS-150, the first truck was produced at the new Likhachev plant. It was actively used in various fields until 2000. With the advent of the new century, its popularity began to fall due to moral obsolescence.
Production dump truck lasted 7 years. During this time, many modifications were produced on the basis of the truck, which, due to their design, solved various tasks. ZIL-164 was even adapted to the fire crew. From 1957 to 1964, 385 thousand cars were produced.
The differences in design from the ZIS-150 was a minimum. The most noticeable change is the grille. The design of the motor has changed, it has become more powerful and reliable. Cylinder heads were made from the usual aluminum, replacing cast iron.
Application of truck ZIL-164
The two main cars were ZIL-164 and ZIL-164A. For several years they worked for the entire Soviet Union. Vans, dump trucks, cisterns and many types of special equipment were produced on their base. It was easy to distinguish cars from each other: the stripes on the wings of the standard model were vertical, and the "A" horizontal.
Structural features allowed to adapt the car for military needs. For several years, the transport was in service with the Soviet troops in the GDR. After the appearance of new types of trucks were written off, however, this did not prevent the use of them in other areas of the economy. Popular was the tuning of the "workhorse": people created on the basis of the ZIL-164 a unique and useful technique.
The 164A chassis was used by engineers to create the first tank in the history of the USSR for the safe transportation of liquefied gas. For 7 years of existence, the car has become very old, so it was decided to replace it with a new, modern transport. In our years, ZIL-164 is not used for production and business tasks. Some specimens can be found in museums.
Design ZIL-164
The truck was characterized by one feature of the entire Soviet transport - its design was simple, which allowed it to be repaired quickly, without spending a lot of money. At the first stages of production, the cabin was wooden-metal due to the lack of metal sheets, and later it became all-metal. It was designed for 3 passengers.
Engine
The power unit for the start of production was modern and high-quality: a six-cylinder carburetor engine, which had a volume of 5.5 liters and was capable of developing up to 100 horsepower. The maximum frequency of turns - 2800.
Cylinders were placed in one block. Initially they were made of cast iron, then of aluminum. Below the axis of the crankshaft located crankcase connector. The cylinders were surrounded by a water jacket. The combustion chambers were located in the general block of cylinders. The heads themselves had a secure fit: bolts and studs. Pistons immediately made of aluminum, had a flat bottom. On top of the pistons there were four rings: 3 compression and 1 oil scraper.
The crankshaft has increased strength due to the material from which it is made: carbon steel. His necks were thoroughly treated by quenching with high frequency currents. For the rotation of the shaft in the motor answered seven bearings. The flywheel was attached to the rear of the crankshaft with bolts.
The front of the shaft was reserved for the distribution gear, the oil deflector and the fan drive. The shaft has a sleeve mounting. The drive of the oil pump and the ignition distributor were placed in the central part of the shaft. The power plant is placed on the frame, fastened with the help of three powerful supports.
Cooling and lubrication
To prevent overheating of the motor, a closed cooling system, made according to the forced type, is used. The radiator received a tubular-plate construction and is attached to the frame. The thermostat is equipped with one valve. A fan is attached to the radiator for additional cooling. The radiator and the water pump are driven by a single belt.
The engine is lubricated according to the combined type. To some rubbing parts, the lubricant is fed under pressure, to some by spraying and gravity. Oil passes two-level filtration.
Gearbox ZIL-164
The first batches produced were equipped with a double-disc clutch, but then at the factory they refused from this type and replaced it with a single-plate clutch. The springs were located peripherally, the shutdown was carried out mechanically.
The gearbox has 5 gears. Four are working as usual, but the fifth is considered to be accelerating. After its activation, the output shaft of the gearbox is faster than the crankshaft.
The rest of the structure
The design of the truck includes a double main gear. It is used with a differential of cast iron placed in the crankcase. After several changes in the design, the cast iron also left the rear beam of the bridge. The wheel hub bearings have a robust design due to the support. Steel pipes, which are securely fastened to the rear beam of the bridge, act as it. The forged cover closes the rear opening in the beam.
At the base of the frame is two spars, which are fastened together with rivets. The frame design is robust and durable, withstands high loads. The front bumper, hooks and towing device are attached to the frame.
The front axle is made from solid steel beams. It was attached to the frame with the help of springs, which are located in its brackets. The first years of production front suspension equipped with piston shock absorbers. Later it was decided to use an innovative material - telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers.
The steering mechanism is a three-ridge roller, which is mounted in the crankcase with tapered bearings. Rotation of the roller is carried out thanks to needle bearings.
Good dump truck handling is achieved thanks to high-quality brakes. The central system, which applies to all wheels, is equipped with a pneumatic actuator. Thanks to him, you do not need to have a strong impact on the foot brake pedal. Additional brake mechanism - manual.
Specifications:
- The total length is 6.7 meters;
- Overall width - 2.47 meters;
- The total height is 2.18 meters;
- Ground clearance - 26.5 centimeters;
- Motor power - 100 horsepower;
- Maximum speed - 70 km / h;
- The maximum possible load - 4 tons;
- Fuel tank capacity - 150 liters.
Differences from ZIS minor. This becomes clear if we compare the technical characteristics of the two machines.
What can be concluded?
Dump truck ZIL-164 was a quality car in his years. This is proved by the fact that it was so widespread and used in many industrial and economic fields. It became the impetus for the development of other models of trucks in the future. The Soviet Union provided immeasurable assistance in the formation of the state in the postwar years.
Buy car ZIL-164 in working condition in our years, almost impossible. In the secondary market you can find offers to sell vehicles for parts. The price of such proposals varies around 30-50 thousand rubles. Serviceable copies in good external condition are in museums and attend exhibitions of retro cars.
