Rifle sniper special "Vintorez" - the Soviet and Russian rifle systems, characterized by low noise and designed to equip units of special forces. "Vintorez" together with a special cartridge SP5 (caliber 9 mm) form a silent sniper complex (BSC).
BSK "Vintorez" is able to provide a covert group defeat of enemy personnel, protected by type 6B2 body armor (2 and 3 class of protection), as well as with steel army helmets at a distance of 400 m. In arsenal sniper rifle "Vintorez" entered in 1987. Its first tested reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Soviet army and special units of the KGB. Today the Vintorez sniper rifle occupies a worthy place in the special forces arsenal.
History of VSS "Vintorez"
Until the 1970s. The special forces of the USSR mainly used modified models of general arms, equipped with integrated silencers and charged with special cartridges with subsonic bullet speed. For example, these were the Canaryka and Silence complexes, built on the basis of AKS74U and AKM, respectively. However, such decisions had their drawbacks, so it was decided to develop a completely new weapon.
The following requirements were formulated for the future rifle:
- covert destruction of manpower at a distance of 400 m;
- penetration of the army steel helmet at a range of not more than 400 m;
- the possibility of using electron-optical sights at night and optical during the day;
- lightness and compactness;
- possibility of quick disassembly and assembly, suitability for covert transportation.
To achieve compliance of the weapon with these conditions, gunsmiths had to develop ammunition.
The first version of the weapon chambered for 7.62 U appeared under the symbol РГ036. The machine gun had an original gas discharge system, which simplified and simplified the design of the weapon, but adversely affected its reliability. As a result, we had to refine the drawings. In 1981, the second version appeared under the РГ037 cartridges, and it turned out to be more reliable. A review of the rifle showed that, in general, the weapon meets the objectives and has satisfactory characteristics.
The new weapon passed preliminary tests, but in 1985 the requirements for a silent rifle were tightened. Now the machine gun had to hit the enemy at a range of not more than 400 meters in 6B2 body armor. As a result, it was decided to remake the machine chambered for 9 × 39 mm. In 1987, the Vintorez sniper rifle entered service of the GRU and KGB. The machine began to be mastered at an armory in Tula.
Technical characteristics "VSS" Vintorez
- Caliber - 9 mm
- Chuck - 9x39 (SP5, SP6)
- Length - 894 mm
- Barrel length - 200 mm
- The weight of the rifle without ammunition, as well as an optical sight - 2.45 kg
- Initial speed of a bullet - 290 m / s
- Rate of shooting - 800-900 shots / min
- Combat rate of fire - 30/60 shots / min
- Sighting range with optical sight - 400 m
- Sighting range with the use of night sight - 300 m
- Sighting range with an open sight - 400 m
- Magazine capacity - 10 or 20 rounds.
Design features
When creating VSS "Vintorez" classical constructive solutions were applied. This allowed us to get good results and achieve high weapon performance.
Rifle "Vintorez" has the following main parts:
- a barrel connected to the receiver;
- butt;
- gate;
- bolt carrier with gas piston;
- return mechanism;
- drummer;
- combat spring with a guide;
- trigger mechanism;
- receiver cover;
- muffler housing;
- handguard;
- separator.
The operation of the BCC automatics is based on the application of the energy of powder gases, which are discharged into the gas chamber from the barrel bore, and then converted into the kinetic energy of the automation system. Unlocking and locking the barrel by turning the shutter. The trigger mechanism - shock type, with the possibility of automatic and single fire.
Submission of cartridges is performed from a two-row sector store with a staggered arrangement. Cartridge filing is performed by the shutter. Spring loaded swing ejector pulls the cartridge case.
BCC stem
The barrel of the rifle is chrome-plated, it has six right-hand grooves. In the middle of the barrel there is a gas chamber, including a cylindrical surface with grooves for attaching the muffler. The muzzle of the trunk contains 54 holes drilled through the cuts. Their purpose - the discharge of gases into the expansion chamber of the muffler. To center the silencer, a special spring of the separator is put on the muzzle.
Butt
The detachable butt of a BCC rifle is of skeletal type (similar to the SVD butt), made from multi-layer plywood.
The rifle butt is attached to the receiver with a pad that has dovetail protrusions and a retainer. Constructive solution lock allows you to quickly detach the butt from the receiver.
Muffler
The effectiveness of the rifle provides another node - integrated silencer with the barrel, which consists of a separator and the silencer itself.
The separator is a die-welded structure consisting of a sleeve, a clip, washer and insert. The cylindrical surface of the sleeve and washer serves to ensure coaxiality of the housing and the separator, the conical surface of the sleeve - to install the separator on the separator spring, which is located on the muzzle of the barrel.
The muffler housing is made of a muzzled muffler chamber, as well as an exhaust gas expansion chamber. In front of the body is placed separator. On the case of the muffler there is a sight block with an aiming bar, a separator latch with a spring and a front sight with a front sight.
Sights
For shooting from a machine gun and rifles at different ranges, various optical and electron-optical sights are used. Daylight optical sight PSO-1-1 is similar to PSO-1 SVD, but it has distance scales for the ballistics of the cartridge SP-5.
In addition to the PSO-1-1 sight, 1P43, a daytime telescopic sight, which allows for increased visibility, can also be used. For shooting in the dark, the weapon is equipped with a night-sight MBNP-1 or NSPU-3.
Recently, sights of a new generation have been developed - for example, the 1P93 sights family. Some of them can be applied at night. If a daytime optical sight fails, then a mechanical sighting device is used, which consists of a sector-type sight, as well as a fly in a earphone, which is adjustable in lateral direction and height.
Placing the front sight and sight on the silencer requires strict care when using the weapon to properly attach the silencer, to protect it from impacts and mechanical damage.
Equipment
Each weapon is equipped with an individual set of ZIP-O, which includes:
- ramrod;
- affiliation;
- oiler;
- scraper;
- knife;
- five 10-charge stores;
- belt.
Laying tools include: a separate bag for carrying BCC, as well as a bag for carrying four stores, a telescopic sight and a spare parts kit.
MMG WSS "Vintorez"
Layouts Mass-Dimensional (MMG) in Russia are the only legal way to have VSS "Vintorez" at home. MMG can be of two types:
- MMG, originally produced as mock-ups, with external identity, as well as the similarity of the mechanisms, are made of materials other than military weapons. Therefore, they can not be converted into military weapons.
- MMG, made of deactivated weapons. Such a weapon was made as a combat one, but a little later it was deactivated (a welded chamber, a drilled barrel and the like). Conventionally, practically all Russian-made MMGs carried out at arms factories can be attributed to this type of MMG.
