The largest Russian submarine "Shark" belongs to the class of heavy submarine strategic missile cruisers. The start date of the project is December 1972.
The first "Shark" was built in the USSR on the "Sevmash" (Severodvinsk) and launched on September 23, 1980. From 1981 to 1989, a series of six boats of this type was put into operation. Their base was the water area of Nerpichye Bay in the Northern Fleet.
Structural Specificity
The submarine "Shark" of the project 941 has a very light overall body, inside of which there are 5 inhabited solid hulls. Two of them have maximum dimensions and are basic, they are located on the principle of a catamaran, in a horizontal plane parallel to each other. Such a characteristic layout is determined by the large size of the ammunition.
Both main strong enclosures are interconnected by three passages and divided into 8 compartments:
- reactor and turbine compartments with a total length of 30 m;
- three nose compartments 54 m long;
- three adjacent to the main command post (GKP) with a length of 31 meters.
The remaining three robust enclosures are:
- reliably insulated nasal torpedo compartment;
- housing to accommodate the PCG and radio equipment;
- aft transitional hull with a total length of 30 meters.
The compartment of the main command post, the torpedo compartment, the main body is made of titanium alloy, and the light body is made of steel, followed by anti-acoustical coating.
The developers of the submarine (TsBBMT Rubin) for the first time used the original layout of the missile silos in its layout. They are located in front of the cabin in the front of the submarine, between the two main main hulls.
Power point
A large power plant of the 3rd generation has a block structure consisting of two echelons located independently on the right and left sides. Each unit includes:
- water-water nuclear reactor with a capacity of 190 MW on thermal neutrons OK-650VV. Reactors of this type are equipped with: pulsed instrumentation for monitoring their condition, battery-free cooling system (BBR) in the event of a power failure;
- turbine capacity of 50,000 liters. with;
- propulsion in the form of a propeller shaft with a 7-blade propeller, the diameter of which is 5.55 meters, the rotation speed of 230 rpm. To reduce noise, the screws are installed in special fenestrons (ring fairings);
- four steam turbine nuclear power plants BPTU 514 capacity of 3200 kW.
Movement reserve
- Two diesel generator type ASDG-800 to 800 kW.
- Lead-acid rechargeable battery.
- Two standby 260 kW electric motors.
- Thrusters with rotary propellers for maneuvering in the clamped position. They are equipped with 750 kW electric motors.
The main armament "Shark"
The basic weapon "Shark" project 941 consists of:
- D-19 ballistic missile complex equipped with 20 three-stage solid-fuel intercontinental V-39 class R-39 missiles (PCM 52 is sea-based. The firing range is 8500 km, the combat element is divided with 10 warheads of 100 kilotons each;
- D-19U missile system with intercontinental range R-39UTTH “Bark” 20-ballistic missiles with a depreciation rocket-launch system. Combat range up to 10,000 km, there is a unique system of passing through the ice.
The launch of the entire Akula rocket launcher can be carried out from a dry mine, both in the subsea (at a depth of no more than 55 meters) and in the surface position.
The largest nuclear submarine of Russia is armed with six torpedo tubes (TA) with a caliber of 533 mm, equipped with fast-loading devices and a special training system for the type "Grind". Full ammunition consists of 22 Squall-class torpedoes (types SAET-60M, SET-65, USET-80), as well as the Vyuga and Vodopad missiles. They use six torpedoes for firing rocket-torpedoes, torpedoes and for setting up minefields-obstacles.
Air defense is carried out by MANPADS (8 units) of the Igla-1 type. Full ammunition - 48 anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM).
Radio electronic equipment
On board an underwater submarine of the "Shark" type of the project 941 there are several complexes with high-precision equipment of various classes.
- The combat information and control system of the Omnibus type serves for: collecting, processing and displaying information, calculating the effectiveness of the use of one or another weapon, targeting technical and firing means, navigation and combat calculations;
- Hydroacoustic equipment of SJSC Skat-3 MGK-540 consists of:
- SJC "Skat-KS" MGK-500 with 4 antennas and the possibility of simultaneous tracking of 12 targets;
- hydroacoustic station (GAS) of the mine detection “Arfa-M” MG-519;
- GUS measurement cavitation "Screw" MG-512;
- GAS measuring the speed of sound "Shkert" GISS MG-553;
- Echoledomera "North" MG-518.
- Radar complex "Radian" RLK MRKP-58 with radio technical intelligence station MRP-21A.
- Navigation complex has:
- satellite complex "Symphony";
- NC class "Tobol";
- navigation detector circular and adjustable NOK-1 and NOR-1.
The submarine is equipped with special means of communication, retractable periscopes, antenna systems.
Technical characteristics of the submarine cruiser "Shark"
Main dimensions: maximum length - 173.1 m, width - 23.3 m, draft by wake - 11.2-11.5 m.
Characteristics of full speed and displacement:
- full surface displacement at a speed of 12/13 knots - 29,500 tons,
- full underwater at a speed of 25/27 knots - 49,800 tons.
Immersion depths:
- limit - 500 m,
- working - 380 m.
The autonomy of swimming is about six months. The total number of crew - 163 people, officer and midshipman composition 52/83 respectively.
The total mass of the equipped submarine missile-carrier - 50,000 tons.
The world's largest submarine "Shark" 941 has a developed cruciform feathering of the stern and horizontal rudders (front retractable), placed behind the screws. Due to the block system of placement of components and mechanisms, as well as the two-stage rubber-cord pneumatic depreciation, the atomic submarine has low noise levels and improved vibration isolation of all units.
Video about the submarine Shark (Typhoon)
The Akula-class strategic missile submarine has not only solid dimensions, but also a high margin of safety and buoyancy, which allows it to carry out maneuvers with ice breaking up to 2.5 m thick. Due to a sufficient improvement in sonar and navigation armament, the atomic submarine can be used in most high latitudes up to the arctic.
