Shotgun shotgun consists of several main parts:
- Trunk. This detail is placed cartridge for later shot;
- The block is the metal part of the gun, in the case of which the trigger and safety mechanism is placed against an accidental shot. The trunk and the box are attached to this part;
- Castle. This detail serves to lock the breech breech, preventing the powder gases from breaking through in the direction of the shooter. It also fixes the cartridge in the barrel;
- The trigger (or trigger guard) serves to break the spring from the stop, which in turn affects the drummer. Then the sleeve is pricked and a shot is played;
- Handguards are needed to hold the barrel while aiming and firing;
- Butt needed for a comfortable grip shotgun. It also helps to soften the blow of impact due to the emphasis in the shoulder;
- The neck is the thinnest part of the stock;
- The comb is the top of the box;
- Heel - part of the box, located in the upper part of the butt;
- Sock - part of the box, located at the bottom of the butt.
Barrel - all head
One of the most important parts of any firearm is the barrel. Such important characteristics as accuracy, shot fractions, type of cartridge, safety when shooting, departure speed of the striking element, power of the shot and much more depend on it. Such a product is a tube created from high-strength weapon steel. In order to make a shot at it, it is necessary to place a charge of gunpowder, a wad, which serves to prevent the breakthrough of powder gases, a shot, as well as a plug that prevents the rash of the striking element (shot).
One way or another, the powder ignites and burns instantly. During this process, a gas heated to a high temperature is formed inside the sleeve. As a result of ignition, a high pressure is formed, which throws out the plug, shot and wad from the barrel bore.
Shotgun types
Shotguns for firing shot are divided into types depending on the method of loading:
- The loading of weapons occurs from the front end of the barrel. To push the powder and damaging elements used special shopmol. This type of gun used until about the beginning of the 20th century. Currently, they can be found only in collectors or in historical museums;
- Charging occurs from the breech, where the chamber is located. There is a unitary cartridge.
In the first type of weapon, the breech breech is closed and adheres to a special screw. To charge the open end of the barrel, charge a powder charge, then push the powder wad into it using a ramrod. Then fall asleep fraction and lower the cap for tamping striking element.
In more modern guns, it is possible to open the breech breech to place ammunition in the chamber, which contains in its case (case) a powder charge, shot, wad and capsule.
In such guns, the breech breech is tightly closed and opened with an automatic lock that works by means of springs and a rotating block mechanism. Mate pads, which is in contact with the breech section of the barrel and cartridge case, called the shield.
To prevent the breakthrough of powder gases, all guns are equipped with two barrel-mounted hooks. They are located under the breech breech. On one of the hooks there is a semicircular neckline that rests on the bolt embedded in the shoe. When you open the gun to reload, the barrel rotates, while the rear part rises and the front part descends.
In some hunting rifles for reloading it is necessary to set in motion not the trunks, but a movable bolt, which is capable of moving back along the inside of the barrel. To open the mechanism, just pull the hook on the bolt in the direction of the box. There are guns that bring such a mechanism into action automatically after each shot due to the pressure of powder gases. Such a system for reloading is equipped with a side ejection of the spent cartridges.
The shutter lock is controlled by a key. In weapons made by Soviet craftsmen, most often the device for adjusting the locking mechanism is on top. To reload the rifle it is necessary to move the end of the key to the right with your thumb. When locking the trunk key under the influence of the spring is in its place. There are guns, where the mechanism for unlocking the bolt is on the bottom or side.
Various charge ignition methods
In hunting weapons, the ignition of gunpowder occurs in various ways. To play a shot, use a special mechanism called "lock", which activates the drummer. In turn, the strikers, depending on the type of gun and the type of cartridges used, are located in various places. There are cartridges in which the incendiary mixture for heating the powder is located on the rim of the liner, they are called side ignition ammunition. The cartridge must fall on the edge of the base of the cartridge case. In the cartridges of the central battlefield, the striker must be directed to the central part of the base of the cartridge, as a result of which the incendiary composition ignites, then gunpowder ignites, and a shot occurs. A needle cartridge is less common. In this case, the shot comes at the expense of chipping the cartridge with a long needle installed in the weapon.
Typical USM device
To hit the primer, the following parts are installed in the hunting rifle:
- Trigger;
- Drummer;
- Bojok (as a rule, it is an integral part of a drummer, but there are guns where this part is made as an independent mechanism).
The trigger of a hunting rifle can be located both inside (the hammerless mechanism) and outside the hull. The latter type of weapon is used quite rarely. As a rule, it is made to order for lovers of the classic device of guns, used to hunt the beast.
In order to protect the shooter and the people around him as best as possible from mortal danger during the handling of firearms, almost all hunting rifles are equipped with a safety device that prevents accidental firing. Such devices can be of two types:
- Locking triggers. Such a system is the most reliable and secure. The striker does not hit the cartridge's cap, even if the brace is subjected to a lot of pressure or if the weapon is subject to strong shaking;
- Only blocking the trigger.
Fuses can be automatic, which are triggered with each reloading, or manual. In the latter, the shooter must independently engage the mechanism by switching the latch, which, as a rule, is located on the trigger guard or shoe.
After each shot it is necessary to remove the cartridge case from the chamber. In modern systems, this process occurs automatically due to a special mechanism, an ejector, which ejects an integral part of the cartridge after the shutter is opened. There is also another mechanism called "extractor", which only half takes the sleeve from the barrel. After this, the hunter himself must complete the reloading of the weapon.
On the device of the gun box
Each hunting rifle is equipped with a lodge. Such a device allows you to conveniently hold a firearm in your hands, quickly throw it up, take aim and fire, extinguishing recoil. The wooden or plastic part that is under the barrel is called the forearm. When fired, they hold him with his left hand. It performs both a decorative function, decorating the outer part of the weapon, and a protective one, protecting the wearer's hand from metal parts, which can be very hot when fired. The widest (in height) part of the box is called the butt, it consists of the crest (upper part) and the back of the head. The latter is applied to the shoulder before the shot. The blunt corner of the box is the heel, and the opposite is the toe. The neck is the thin part of the lodge, which is located between the butt and the forearm. For a shot, the hunter wraps it in his right hand.
Sight shooting devices
To hit the target, the weapon is equipped with various sights. In shotguns, used for hunting game, they consist of a special metal guide, which runs along the entire trunk in its upper part. Such a device is called an “aiming bar”, a fly is installed on its end.
During the hunt it is very important to quickly make several shots. For this weapon equip several trunks. Most shotguns are double-barreled. The location of the trunks can be both horizontal and vertical.
To increase the rate of fire, some single-shot shotguns are equipped with shops designed for several rounds. In this case, recharging is carried out either automatically or manually.
