The Soviet 85-mm anti-aircraft gun 52K in 1939 became the main weapon of parts of the country's air defense in the years 1939-50. Established on the eve of the start of World War II, the Soviet artillery system became one of the best in its class. The guns that are in service with the Red Army were actively used during the Great Patriotic War as the main anti-aircraft weapon in the fight against enemy bombing aircraft. Often, 85-mm anti-aircraft guns were successfully used to repel an attack of German tanks on tank-dangerous areas.
Development and mass production of 85-mm anti-aircraft gun 52K
A new anti-aircraft gun with a larger caliber was created in Kaliningrad near Moscow. The task of the GAU to develop a more powerful anti-aircraft gun was received by a team of designers led by G.L. Dorokhin. Soviet designers decided to put a powerful 85-mm cannon on the carriage of a 76-mm cannon of the 1938 model. As an innovation on the new gun were used semi-automatic shutter and guidance system.
After successful ground tests in 1939, the gun under the symbol GAU-52-P-365 was put into service, having received the designation 85-mm anti-aircraft gun 52К. The gun was produced in large series for 6 years from 1939 to 1945. In total, the troops received 14422 guns of this type.
Tactical and technical parameters of the Soviet 85 mm anti-aircraft guns
- Calculation - 7 people.
- Combat weight - 4.3-4.9 tons.
- Unitary loading.
- The initial velocity of the projectile - 800 m / s.
- Rate of fire - 20 shots / min.
- The affected area: at an altitude of 10 km, in range - 15.6 km.
- Vertical guidance angle: from -3 to +82 degrees.
- The angle of horizontal guidance is 360 degrees.
- The main type of ammunition: armor-piercing, high-explosive fragmentation projectiles.
- The weight of an armor-piercing projectile is 9.2 kg.
- The transfer time from traveling to combat is 25-30 minutes.
- Mode of transportation: transported by trucks.
The 85 mm anti-aircraft gun 52K 1939 was actively used during the Great Patriotic War. The successful design of the gun allowed to use it to create powerful tank guns D-5 and ZIS-S-53, which equipped the Soviet tanks T-34-85 and KV-85. In the postwar years, the gun stood on the equipment of the air defense units of the USSR until the appearance of the first air defense missile systems. The subsequent exploitation and combat use of this weapon is foreign armed conflicts of the second half of the 20th century.
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