ZIL-4331 - the legendary Russian truck, which is released in the amount of 1.6 million copies. The main advantages include high throughput, lifting capacity and simplicity of construction, thanks to which repairs can be carried out in the field. The cost of the truck is lower than that of competitors from this segment.
Despite the finished production, the car has a high demand these days. Consumers are attracted by unpretentious maintenance and cheap repairs. The machine is durable, used in many areas: construction, agriculture, etc. On the basis of transport made add-ins for rescue services.
General information and history ZIL-4331
The design of the car ZIL-4331 started in the 70s. At that time, the country needed a truck with high traffic and high power. The development involved not only specialists ZIL, but KamAZ. The latter offered a good scheme - to base one of the prototypes of the Kama plant as a basis for the new product. Engineers have changed the design, put the new power plant and redesigned lighting devices.
The first prototype was collected in the 77th year. He became the first car in the family of diesel trucks of the Likhachev plant. His current name he received in the early 80s. Modernization and correction of defects continued until 1985, after which they approved the final version of the truck. In 1987, mass production began.
The design responded to the modern trends of its time. Appearance - a large rectangle. A distinctive feature of the front was the grille, which had a non-standard design and high position. On the sides of the wheels installed massive mud flaps. The bumper is made of high strength metal. It protects the cab from accidental damage. The cabin has no smooth bends, it is based on angular outlines.
A dump truck can carry loads of various types: soil, gravel, fertilizers, stone, wood, and even massive metal structures. A few years after launch, a modification was made that allows concrete to be transported in a liquid state for short distances. Such a function has become unique, not a single competitor possessed such a property.
For its rich history has received many varieties. The most interesting was published in 1992. The main feature is a lounge for two passengers. The modification had a high demand from buyers. Many varieties differed from the previous ones in improved cabs that were attached to the base chassis, developed in the 70s and 80s.
Technical characteristics ZIL-4331
Overall characteristics:
- Length - 6.37 meters;
- Width - 2,422 meters;
- Height - 2.81 meters;
- Ground clearance - 33 centimeters;
- Weight - 8.82 tons.
Load capacity is different - from 6 to 8 tons, depending on the model purchased. The basis is the wheel formula 4x2. Fuel consumption is at the level of 18-19 liters per 100 kilometers, while driving as part of a train increases to 25-26 liters. ZIL-4331 is able to accelerate to 95 km / h in the standard layout and up to 85 km / h in the composition of the train. Braking distance is acceptable for a car of this category 25 meters. As part of the road train, it is increased by one and a half meters to 26.5 meters. Maximum filling 170 liters.
Power unit
In the entire history of serial production, three engines were used:
- ZIL-508.10 - Six-liter gasoline engine, which develops power up to 150 horsepower. Equipped with eight cylinders arranged in a V-shape. Power is built on the carburetor, cooling is done on the liquid type. Refueling with AI-96 gasoline, up to 350 thousand kilometers can pass without major repairs;
- ZIL 508300 - six-liter gasoline power plant carburetor type, which reaches 134 horsepower. The carburetor is based on electronic control, and liquid is used for cooling. The engine complies with environmental standards Euro-3. Eats gasoline A-80;
- ZIL-4331-645 - V-engine with eight cylinders, powered by a diesel engine. With a volume of 8.75 liters develops up to 185 horsepower. A liquid system is provided for cooling.
The most popular third option, as it gave the best power, which allowed to overcome sections of the road of any complexity. He was also very thrifty.
ZIL-4331 device
Experts compare ZIL-4331 with the 130th model of the plant. They believe that it is a seriously reworked version that has received a new, more comfortable cabin. The whole structure is based on a frame made of high-strength material. Front axle ZIL-4331 dependent, consists of semi-elliptical springs and sliding end parts. In addition to the springs in the ZIL-4331 added shock absorbers. Rear axle dependent, in its design includes a pair of springs and additional mechanisms. They can be found in the machine manual.
The design team abandoned the drum brake mechanism, which is obsolete by the 80s. To do this, we developed our own unique brake system ZIL-4331. She had an improved dynamic braking effect and had increased strength. The design consisted of two pneumatic circuits, and an additional combined with the parking brake. In the device of the parking mechanism there were energy accumulators that had an impact on the rear axle. To eliminate the possibility of condensate freezing, engineers have built an alcohol fuse.
The wheels received a unique tread design, which contributed to a reduction in stopping distance. When it was created, the task was to improve the grip on the dirt road. Large wheels and soft suspension help overcome sections of the road with difficult terrain. The wheels are disk, equipped with 9.00R20 tires, however tuning options are possible.
Until 2009, the gearbox was equipped with nine speeds. Its device includes a demultiplicator and a clutch with a single disc and a pneumohydraulic amplifier. In 2009, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant produced a six-speed manual gearbox, which was adapted for the ZIL-4331 truck. Single clutch preserved.
The main advantage of the cabin is a high level of sound and thermal insulation. The cabin is designed for the driver and two passengers. Visibility at a good level due to the visible edges of the hood. Every seat has a reliable seat belt. Comfort while moving is provided by two shock absorbers, which reduce vibration arising from road irregularities. The cab is all-metal, it can be folded forward. The internal equipment is poor - only information indicators from technical systems. To improve taxiing designers added power steering.
Standard modification provides for the presence of a metal body. All sides, except the front, open outwards. The height of the front side is significantly higher than that of the side and rear. Included was a metal frame on which you can install an awning.
Nodes requiring special attention:
- PSU;
- Hubs;
- Gearbox;
- Transmission;
Modifications ZIL-4331
Based on the ZIL-4331 developed many varieties:
- 432900 - flatbed truck with a shortened base. Equipped with a diesel engine D-245.39, which develops 105 horsepower. Load capacity - 6 tons;
- 432930 - similar to the previous version, the power plant is upgraded: power is 136 or 130 horsepower, meets the environmental standards of Euro-2 or Euro-3. Carries cargo weighing up to 6 thousand kilograms;
- 432920 - the main difference from the first two - the engine ZIL-0550 and another mount the hood;
- 433102 - standard chassis without superstructures installed;
- 433104 - chassis for fire service;
- 43314B - a car with a larger base, equipped with a cabin with sleeping places for two people. Carries cargoes weighing up to 6 tons, produced in small lots according to government orders;
- 4332А - dump truck with a long base, which did not reach the conveyor production;
- 4333 - cars with a short base, serial release was not carried out;
- 43302 - chassis, similar in technical characteristics to the previous version;
- 433360 - differs from the basic version 4333 by the upgraded cabin;
- 4335 - a unique batch of models, released in the amount of 135 pieces. It was equipped with a power unit Cat-3116, which developed up to 170 horsepower;
- 442100 - standard truck tractor;
- 442160 - differs from the previous modification of the modified cabin;
- 442300 - equipped with a cabin with two beds.
All modifications have found their consumers, many of them are used in our years in various industries.
What can be concluded?
ZIL-4331 - universal truck that does not require careful maintenance. With proper skills, repair can be done by hand. A common option is a modification with installed crane equipment.
In the secondary market there are many offers to sell this truck. Most of them are in acceptable condition. The average price tag for copies of 91-93 years is 120-140 thousand rubles. For the car 98-00 years will have to pay 340-420 thousand rubles. Cars of the last years of release will cost 540-630 thousand rubles. The final cost depends on the technical and external conditions.
