ZIL-431410 - Soviet truck, whose history began in the early 50s of the last century. Used to equip the army, as well as for civilian purposes. With its help, people and goods of various categories were delivered to remote corners of the country.
general information
The plant management set a task for the designers: to create a modern truck with increased power and increased maneuverability. The main criterion is the modernization of the engine. The amount of harmful exhaust gases, the noise level and the reduction in fuel consumption were all realized by the engineers of the enterprise.
The model lies at the base of the 130th family, it was on its basis that the first car of the popular transport in our country was developed. 431410 planned for long production. From the old development took advantage and eliminated the disadvantages. In the design of the truck there are technical units used in foreign cars of cargo class.
The basis of the body - a platform made of wood. She was equipped with transverse beams made of metal. For easy loading, the rear and side boards can be tilted. The complete set of the car included an awning installed on a metal frame. There was also a design to increase the height of the sides.
On the basis of transport made several modifications:
- 431410 CL - intended for the northern regions of the USSR, the air temperature in which dropped to -60 degrees Celsius;
- 431416 - modification for export to other countries with moderate climatic conditions;
- 432417 - equipped with shielded electrical equipment, delivered to countries with a tropical climate;
- 431417 - the standard version used in tropical climates;
- 431710 - a hybrid modification that runs on natural gas and gasoline;
- 431810 - worked on liquefied natural gas.
In 1977, the plant launched mass production of the ZIL-130-76, which became a full-fledged receiver of the ZIL-431410 that was beginning to become obsolete in those years. A few years later they released a modernized version with the index "80", which seriously undermined the demand for the old counterpart.
History of creation
In the 60s, the car was a real breakthrough. She received a modern design and a powerful power plant operating on eight cylinders. After the start of serial production in the army, it was replaced by ZIL-157, which by the middle of the 20th century had become morally obsolete and could not cope with the duties assigned to it. Until the 60s, this transport was produced by Russia and the United States as part of a program to restore power after the Second World War.
The first talk about the need to create a new product began in the 1950s. Despite the economic crisis in the country and problems with the workforce, the development of the first prototype began immediately. The rapid pace of work was due to the presence in the arsenal of designers of the 128th model, which by that time had successfully passed some practical tests. Taking from her some technical solutions, the first prototype of the 431410th model was assembled in 1956.
The car received a 6-cylinder engine ZIL. The first version passed all the necessary tests in three years. The car was characterized as high-quality, capable of performing complex tasks. Serial production was planned to begin in 1961, but for certain reasons it was postponed until 1967. During this period, the car received an 8-cylinder power unit.
After the release of the first production batch, the designers added a number of improvements to the truck equipment. The performance of the engine increased, thereby improving permeability. The USSR army became interested in new transport, as a result of which they set up the installation of army superstructures on the chassis 431410. For all the time of mass production, one million copies were made of various modifications. Nowadays, production is stopped, but some machines continue to operate in rural areas.
Device
The basis of the body has become a wooden platform. Strength increased by installing transverse metal beams. ZIL-431410 onboard is equipped with an awning for the carriage of passengers in the body under adverse weather conditions. All sides, except the front, open outwards. The cabin is designed for the driver and two passengers, the power unit was placed in the front. The driver's seat is adjustable in three positions, which ensures high comfort of the workplace.
The cabin is made of metal, equipped with heating equipment for use in cold periods of the year. The windshield provides the driver with a full view of the road. For cleaning use glass washers and two janitors. For passengers in the cabin is equipped with a combined sofa without the possibility of adjustment. Multiple ventilation holes are installed in the ceiling. For the manufacture of boards used wood, to increase the strength of the metal forged introduced.
The model can carry trailers, it uses innovative for the mid-20th century saddle device. Features of the mechanism are described in the technical documentation of the car. The fuel tank is located on the left side. On the right side there is a spare wheel installed in a special bracket. In front of the platform on both sides there are boxes for storing tools.
Specifications TTX
Full specifications are as follows:
- Length - 6 675 millimeters;
- Height - 2,400 millimeters;
- Width - 1,800 millimeters;
- Load capacity - 6 tons;
- Curb weight - 4.175 tons;
- Weight - 10.4 tons;
- Trailer weight - 8 tons;
- Maximum speed - 90 km / h;
- Maximum speed in the composition of the train - 80 km / h;
- Acceleration to 60 km / h takes 37 seconds;
- The maximum angle of the slide is 31%;
- The maximum angle of a hill as a part of a road train - 16%;
- Average stopping distance - 25 meters;
- Average stopping distance in the composition of the train - 26.5 meters;
- Average fuel consumption - 25.8 liters;
- Average fuel consumption in the composition of the train - 33 liters.
The power plant is equipped with eight cylinders, made by the type of carburetor. Develops power up to 150 horsepower. The gearbox has five speeds. Clutch has one disc. An intermediate support has been added to the cardan transmission design. Designers left the possibility of adding a drive axle.
The wheels, fastened with eight studs, are made according to the disc type. The standard tire model is 260R508. The user can replace them with the VI-244. There are three independent brakes and one standby. Information board, which gives information from all devices, created from scratch. Machines of batches of recent years were equipped with a forced idling economizer.
The front suspension is placed on two semi-elliptical springs, supplemented by shock absorbers. The design of the rear suspension is fundamentally different from the front suspension. For its placement in the design introduced springs of different types, which are divided into two groups: the main and additional.
Brake mechanisms are presented in two types: foot with drums and with use of blocks. To hold the truck on the slope, the parking brake is used, which operates on the basis of a pneumatic drive. The brake system is supplemented with a spring energy accumulator. In addition to the three main brakes, there is a spare in case of breakage during the movement of primary mechanisms. The probability of condensate freezing is reduced to zero thanks to the alcohol fuse.
For a comfortable taxiing, engineers added power steering, thereby improving handling. Electrical equipment is powered by the generator, and the battery has a voltage of 12 volts. For the implementation of the switch chosen transistor circuit.
The fuel tank holds 170 liters of fuel. For the movement used gasoline A-76. The engine is cooled with antifreeze. A barrel of grease holds 8.5 liters of substance. The oil can be changed once a year during continuous operation in a comfortable climate - the temperature should not fall below -30 degrees Celsius. For such climatic conditions, special oils are used.
Combined lubrication system. The substance may be sprayed or pressurized. The design has two filters: coarse and thin. They are in the same package. The cleaning system works as a centrifuge. The petrol pump has two valves.
Forced ventilation system. For exhaust gas applied exhaust pipe placed in the engine. Through it, gases are released into the atmosphere. The water pump circulates cooling fluid.
To illuminate the road in the dark, FG2-A2 headlights are used, which are equipped with double-head lamps of 50 and 40 watts. One of them works in the near light, the other - in the far. Sidelights use the same lamp at 21 and 6 watts. They are used for work dimensions and turn signals. The rear lights are also equipped with two lanterns. For operation of the trailer's lighting devices, the socket is used, which is located on the rear frame of the ZIL-431410.
KUNG version
The most common modification of the truck, which is used for military purposes, was the KUNG superstructure. The frame consists of channels and angles of different sizes, which is sheathed with metal sheets of increased strength. Despite the seemingly large dimensions, the body weight does not exceed 1000 kilograms.
To preserve heat inside the body, two-layer wall cladding is used - foam plastic and wooden plywood. For comfortable movement used ventilation system and lighting devices. Heating equipment maintains room temperature in low over-temperature conditions. Additional elements are various bots.
KUNG has an innovative air filtration system that works on the principle of air intake everywhere. Thanks to her, the air in the body is absolutely clean and harmless to passengers. Heating equipment does not depend on the operation of other systems of the machine. It works by burning fuel. Fuel consumption with this add-on is 40 liters per 100 kilometers.
What can be concluded?
Cargo ZIL-431410 - a car with a reliable engine and suspension. The developers left room for creativity to independent mechanics who can improve the technical components of the car with their own hands. Due to this, many unique modifications appeared in rural areas that perform tasks of different directions.
The car ZIL-431410 became popular not only in the USSR, but also in other countries around the world. Consumers were attracted to the design of transport. When developing some style features were borrowed from Ford. The main distinctive features were the alligator type hood, a large grille and streamlined wings. The standard color is blue, but by order of the military forces the cabin was painted in khaki.
Today, it is possible to buy cargo transport of this type in the secondary market, since production was discontinued more than 15 years ago. Working models, on average, have a release year from 93-94. The average cost of such trucks is 350-450 thousand rubles. Copies of the series of the last years of release (99-00) will cost the buyer 500-600 thousand rubles. The average rental price in Russia is 700 rubles per hour.
